Feb 12, 2015 cars that use hydrogen as fuel have been in the news a lot recently last month, tesla ceo elon musk explained at length why hydrogen fuel cell cars are extremely silly and why hydrogen. Hydrogen can be produced from a variety of domestic resources, such as natural gas, nuclear power, biomass, and renewable power like solar and wind. Pdf fuel cells and their applications researchgate. It provides an overview of the state of the art, while also highlighting the developmental and market potential of hydrogen in the context of energy technologies. Schematic diagram of a modern hydrogen oxygen fuel cell. In addition to covering the basic principles of fuel cells and hydrogen technologies, the book examines the principles and methods to develop and test fuel cells, the evaluation of the performance and lifetime of fuel cells and the concepts of hydrogen production. He has worked on fuel cell technology since 1994, working in the areas of hydrogen production and pem fuel cell stack components.
The electric motor is rated at the maximum power required by the vehicle, and the fuel cell should be able to deliver the corresponding power input to the motor, while the store must be large enough to give the vehicle the desired range. An introduction to fuel cells and hydrogen technology 3 dilute acid electrolyte platinum electrodes o2 h2 o2 h2 a of about one volt. Hydrogen internal combustion engine cars are different from hydrogen fuel cell cars. Compared to typical plugin cars that travel about 100 to 370 miles on a single charge, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles promise 300 to 400 miles per fill.
Hydrogen, fuel cells, and the prospects for a cleaner planet the mit press peter hoffmann, byron dorgan on. Hydrogen and fuel cells describes in detail the techniques associated with all the production and conversion steps and the setup of systems at a level suited for both academic and professional use. It will also look at what this investment in fuel cell technology will mean for the eu in the coming years. Evers was published in april 2010 on the annual hanover fair where the author had established a global meeting point for companies and interested people from commerce and politics as well as science and media who are involved in the implementation of hydrogen and fuel cells since 1995. A fuel cell is a device that directly changes chemical energy derived from combining hydrogen and oxygen into electrical energy and produces heat and water as byproducts. A basic understanding of this technology is covered in the first two chapters of this book. The book not only describes the how and where aspects of hydrogen fuels cells usage, but also the obstacles and benefits of its use, as well as the social. What are the most promising uses for hydrogen fuel cells. Bent sorensens research is crossdisciplinary and has resulted in nearly a thousand scientific articles and some 40 books, including foundation work in economic. Thermodynamics is the study of energy change from one state to another. A fuel cell works by passing hydrogen through the anode of a fuel cell and oxygen through the cathode. One of these technologies is the fuel cell vehicle fcv, which only emits water.
A primer on energy and sustainability the catalyst for writing this book is the need for the public and professionals to have a ready reference of the facts and science of hydrogen, greenhouse gases, petrol. Written by experienced practitioners, the book addresses the needs of engineers, chemists and business managers, as well as graduate students and researchers. Hydrogen is a clean fuel that, when consumed in a fuel cell, produces only water. Feb 26, 2020 ogitsu is one of the 8,000 or so early adopters of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in california, guinea pigs in an experiment by automakers, industry boosters and state officials to power an. When a fuel cell is operating, some of the input is used to create. It also presents the different types of fuel cells and hybrid electric vehicles. To this end, honda has been involved in the research and development of technologies to generate hydrogen. Based on his interdisciplinary experience in the fields of power, nuclear power, and desalination, the author contends that the development potential of the fuel cell is related to the. What amazons ev van order means for fuel cells the.
By improving fuel cell powertrain efficiency and increasing the hydrogen fuel storage capacity, the clarity fuel cell has a cruising range of approximately 750km on a full tank of hydrogen jc08 mode. A comprehensive guide explains why hydrogen has emerged as an essential area for research and technology development worldwide. However, before hydrogen can be used as fuel on a global scale we must establish cost effective means of producing, storing, and distributing the gas, develop cost efficient technologies for converting hydrogen to electricity e. If it is possible to efficiently generate hydrogen using renewable energy, fcvs will become more common, and more convenient.
Interest in hydrogen and fuel cell technology is increasing, but there remains a general lack of awareness of hydrogen as an energy alternative. The fuelcell mechanism merely provides a chamber in which the fuelcell reaction can take place. The clarity fuel cells hydrogen storage tank can be filled in around 3 minutes, similar to filling a gasoline vehicles fuel tank. Hydrogen fuel cell cars are not dominating the emissionsfree. The honda clarity fuel cell converts compressed hydrogen gas into electricity using a fuel stack and a chemical reaction. Alternative sources of energy an introduction to fuel cells. The third edition of fuel cell systems explained is an updated version of a book that has always been essential reading for everyone entering into the fuel cell sector, be they student or industrial practitioner. This timely book is the first dedicated to microbial fuel cells. A major limitation of any oxygenconsuming fuel cell is the slow rate of the reduction of this element at a cathode. The predictions that can be made using thermodynamic equations are essential for understanding fuel cell performance, as a fuel cell is an electrochemical device that converts the chemical energy of a fuel and an oxidant gas into electrical energy. A schema for a typical fuel cell wherein the electrolyte is a proton exchange membrane pem and.
Hydrogen and fuel cells not only describes the how and where aspects of hydrogen fuels. Hydrogen fuel cells for road vehicles is a useful text for researchers, professionals and advanced students in the fields of automotive and environmental engineering. These qualities make it an attractive fuel option for transportation and electricity generation applications. Hydrogen fuel cells for road vehicles pasquale corbo springer. Jun 23, 2006 fuel cells, engines and hydrogen is a controversial text that challenges the accepted industry parameters for measuring fuel cell performance and efficiency. Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe. Hydrogen fuel cell cars are not dominating the emissions.
It also explains in straightforward language how hydrogen is produced, stored, and. He used the electricity produced from the gas chain to power an electrolyzer, splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen fig. Most fuel cell electric cars carry about 5 kg to 6 kg of hydrogen but go twice the distance of a modern internal combustion engine car with equivalent gas in the tank, which works out to a. Get a full overview of hydrogen and fuel cells primers book series. Fuel cells, engines and hydrogen wiley online books. Fuel cell engine technology hydrogen fuel cell engines and related technologies.
Fuel cells do not need to be periodically recharged like batteries, but instead continue to produce electricity as long as a fuel source is provided. It explores the forces driving the market for hydrogenpowered fuel cells, as well as the technical and economic barriers that could derail a transition toward hydrogen energy systems. Hydrogen and fuel cell technologies and market perspectives. How the use of nonpolluting, zeroemission hydrogen as fuel could be the cornerstone of a new energy economy. The book covers permiable membrane fuel cells pems, alkaline fuel cells afc like those used in the space program, phosphoric acid fuel cells pafc, solid oxide fuel cells sofc which are the high temp fuel cells that are used by bloom fuel cells to convert natural gas directly to electricity at fuel cell effeciencies. Last month, tesla ceo elon musk explained at length why hydrogen fuel cell cars are extremely silly and why hydrogen is an incredibly dumb alternative fuel. An electrochemical cell or a fuel cell is a device that either converts the chemical energy deposited within the device, or chemical energy supplied through channels from the outside to the cell, into electricity, or it operates in reverse mode, converting electricity to either stored chemical energy or.
Free book about hydrogen and fuel cells h2international. The electricity is sent to a battery, which powers the vehicle through an. Each fuel cell contains two electrodes, one positively charged the anode and one negatively charged the cathode, and an electrolyte that carries charged particles from one electrode to the other. A fuel cell is composed of an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte membrane. The hydrogen internal combustion car is a slightly modified version of the traditional gasoline internal combustion engine car. In the1960s, international fuel cells in windsor connecticut developed a fuel cell power. Technologies and market perspectives topler, johannes, lehmann, jochen on. The simplest system for using hydrogen in a passenger car, not considering straight combustion, has a fuel storage tank, a fuel cell, and an electric motor. A durable fuel cell power system including hydrogen storage that achieves 60% energy efficiency when operating at peak power and that offers a 325 wkg power density and 220 wl operating on hydrogen. The goal of the doe hydrogen education program is to educate target audiences about the longterm benefits and nearterm realities of hydrogen, fuel cell systems, and related infrastructure. It was used as a primary source of electrical energy in the apollo space program.
The book ends with the analysis of two practical case studies on fuel cell propulsion systems. Hydrogen is much more difficult to ignite than jet fuel, requiring far higher temperatures, and very high concentrations of hydrogen gas in order for it to oxidize. These hydrogen engines burn fuel in the same manner that gasoline engines do. Mar 28, 2019 a fuel cell is a way to convert a fuel such as hydrogen or methane directly into electricity through a chemical reaction called electrolysis. It explores the forces driving the market for hydrogen powered fuel cells, as well as the technical and economic barriers that could derail a transition toward hydrogen energy systems. The lightest element on the periodic table, hydrogen dissipates very quickly if it escapes a container, so if a fuel tank ruptures the likelihood of a fire is actually very low. Sorensen discusses the main issues involved in developing the hydrogen economy, including production, conversion, and storage of hydrogen, as well as discussions of hydrogenbased fuel cells in stationary, portable, and transportation systems. Books on solar, hydrogen, fuel cell, wind energy, biomass. Using water as fuel from memo wfc 420 by stanley allen meyer student loose leaf edition by stanley allen meyer jan 1, 2012. Hydrogen fuel cells for road vehicles addresses the main issues related to the application of hydrogen fuel cell technology in the road. It also explains in straightforward language how hydrogen is produced, stored, and transported, and it discusses the economics of these activities and their environmental impact. The book not only describes the how and where aspects hydrogen fuels cells may be used, but also the obstacles and benefits of its use, as well. Musk calls hydrogen fuel cells stupid, but tech may.
This course manual features technical information on the use of hydrogen as a transportation fuel. These chapters describe the principles of the fuel cell, which is an electrochemical device that employs a chemical reaction to generate electricity. The alkaline fuel cell or hydrogen oxygen fuel cell was designed and first demonstrated publicly by francis thomas bacon in 1959. Pem fuel cells are primarily used for fuel cells in vehicles, but have also been used in. Keywords conventional hydrogen energy storage fuel cell green hydrogen household power supplies hydrogen polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells pefcs portable fuel cells renewable. Commonly used electrolytes are naoh solution, phosphoric acid, or solid oxides. This book introduces readers to hydrogen as an essential energy carrier for use with renewable sources of primary energy. In 1842 grove connected a number of gas batteries together in series to form a gas chain. Hydrogen fuel cell engines and related technologies course manual. It covers hydrogen properties, use, and safety as well as fuel cell technologies, systems, engine design, safety, and maintenance. Even if semitrucks do end up being powered by hydrogen, fuel cell companies like plug power and ballard power systems nasdaq. Feb 23, 2019 hydrogen fuel cell cars now average between 312 miles and 380 miles in range, according to the epa. What are the most promising uses for hydrogen fuel cells over the next 20 years. The cell consists of two porous carbon electrodes impregnated with a suitable catalyst such as pt, ag, coo, etc.
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